Khabarovsky Krai - A Regional Profile from the Russian-American Chamber of Commerce®
Message from Victor Ishaev, Head of the Khabarovsky Krai Administration, Deputy of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation: "Khabarovsky Krai is a very rich land. Its territory is large, with green forests and clean and fast rivers. Vast minerals are hidden in the interiors, not all of them used and explored. The industrial potential of the Krai works to satisfy the needs of the whole Far East producing metals, fuel, equipment and machinery. We are at a unique position on the transportation crossroads from Europe to America and Asia and back. But the main riches of the Krai are its people who live and work in the difficult conditions, longing for change and dreaming of a better life for themselves, their families and their country. The formation of a new economic structure in Russia couldn't help but influence the industry and other branches of Khabarovsky Krai economy. A considerable part of the enterprises are now the property of private owners, while the market infrastructure and a share market are at the stage of intensive formation, and land reform is being carried out. Under the new conditions the enterprises clashed with competition for the sales markets, competing for the sources of investments. They felt the requirement to acquire habits in marketing and in modern approaches to management. The trend today is for the reorientation of the economic ties of Khabarovsky Krai to the countries of the Asian Pacific Rim, to increase the export share in the volume of production of many of the industrial enterprises. Companies from the USA, Australia, New Zealand, Republic of Korea, Singapore and others have become constant trade partners of the Krai. Khabarovsky Krai is one of the most attractive regions of Russia for investments. The priority of those investments is aimed toward mining and development of natural resources, the conversion of enterprises in the defense industry, the development of a transport system and the production of consumer goods and services for the population. Direct foreign capital investments into more than 500 enterprises of the Krai exceeded the level of $120 million (USD). Portfolio investments have begun to come into private enterprises, and new projects, with the participation of foreign credits, are being implemented. We invite all Russian and foreign partners to follow the example of those who already believe in Khabarovsky Krai and have brought their capital, their knowledge and their goods. We hope that this book will be useful for those who are interested in the development of mutual cooperation." Climate and Geography Khabarovsky Krai Natural Conditions and Resources The territory stretches for 1,800 kilometers from the North to the South, the maximum width from the West to the East is 750 km, the minimum, 125 km. Mountains and plateaus from 500m up to 2,500m high occupy about three fourths of the Krai's area. The largest plain space, the marshy Middle-Amur Plain, is situated on both sides of the Amur River. The climate of Khabarovsky Krai can be defined as a monsoon climate and is characterized by a cold winter and a hot, humid summer. Climate conditions vary significantly both from the North to the South, and likewise depend on the land relief and sea vicinity. The average temperature in January ranges from minus 22C in the South to minus 40C in the North; on the coast - from minus 18C in the South to minus 24C in the North. The average temperature range of the warmest month - July is +20C in the South and +15C in the North. The frost free period in the South of the Krai (with temperatures 50C and higher) is 170-177 days, up to 130 days in the northern region. The annual precipitation ranges from 400-600 mm in the North up to 600-800 mm in the plains and in the eastern slopes of the mountains. The mountainous area has far more precipitation (over 1,000 mm). Khabarovsky Krai is washed by the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan, the coastline extension is 3390 km. On the coast of the Tatarsky Strait there are water areas convenient for the construction of ports, such as the Chikhochev Gulf and Vanino Bay and especially the unique complex of deep, sheltered bays that form the Gulf of Sovetskaya Gavan. This gulf and the neighboring Vanino Bay are accessible or vessels during the winter period. A characteristic feature of Khabarovsky Krai is a well developed river system, the major area belonging to the Pacific Ocean basin (the Amur river basin), and the lesser one to the Arctic Ocean basin (the Lena river basin). Khabarovsky Krai is also situated in the forest zone with highly diverse forests spread throughout the area of the Krai, although coniferous species dominate. Meadow planting is also common, and with the predominance of water, meadows periodically become flooded and are often swamped. Soils in the Krai are not distinguished for their normal fertility. A considerable part of these soils was introduced into agricultural use after melioration. Khabarovsky Krai has an abundance of natural resources - land, water, forest and other biological resources including numerous minerals that are found throughout its territory. The Krai holds an important place in the Russian Far East and even in Russia because of such natural resources as timber, precious species of fish and fur animals, ores of ferrous metals, nonferrous and precious metals, water resources and others. Almost the whole area of Khabarovsky Krai is occupied with lands bearing biological products. The most intensively used among them are agricultural lands, the total area of which is 695.5 thousand hectares (0.9% of the Krai land reserves), including 131.7 thousand hectares of arable lands (0.2%), perennial plantations make up 24.3 thousand hectares, haymakings provide 410.3 thousand hectares (0.5%) and pastures occupy 124.7 thousand hectares Over 20 million hectares (26% of the whole area of the Krai) are used for deer pastures. The most extensive land use in Khabarovsky Krai is the use of forests. By the continuing development of the Krai the use of forests is the primary land reserve for the expansion of all other kinds of land use opportunities. Coniferous species are the majority (75% of the area and 86% of timber reserves) in the predominant parts of the forests. These are highly diverse forests - from pure (homogeneous) larch forests to mixed multi-species cedar deciduous forests. Such valuable hardwood species as oak, ash, Scotch elm and maple can be found in more than 3% of the area. Replanted forests occupy 105 thousand hectares of Krai. The permissible volume of annual harvesting in the forests of the Krai is 20.2 million cubic meters. However, it can be used only when advanced harvesting technologies and modern reforestation techniques are applied. The presently used technologies enable a harvest of only 12-14 million cubic meters per year. Most valuable among the plant resources of Khabarovsky Krai are the unique medicinal plants: ginseng eleuterococcus, aralia, shizandra and some grassy species. The yield of soft resin and ethereal oils of coniferous trees is also very valuable. There are large amounts of edible resources too, including cedar nuts, hazelnut and Manchurian nut, wild berries, mushrooms and ferns. Many melliferous herbs and plants also occupy the land within the Krai. The animal world of Khabarovsky Krai is also very rich and diversified. Coniferous forests are inhabited by many hoofed animals (elk, Manchurian deer, wild boar, roe-deer and musk-deer), furry animals (sable, Siberian weasel, fox, squirrel, muskrat, otter, brown bear and wolf and in the extreme North by reindeer, ermine and wolverine. In the Krai's forests one can also meet, lynx, black (Himalayan) bear and Ussuri tigers. American mink have also acclimatized itself in the local forests. Sable, as well as mink, squirrel, Siberian weasel and muskrat are the most hunted animals in Khabarovsky Krai. In the Krai there are also large amounts of waterfowl. Hunting grounds cover as much as 98% of the total area, but the hunting potential is still rather poorly used. The rivers and lakes number over a hundred different species of fish including sturgeon. While by the numerous rivers flowing into the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk, and through the Amur and its tributaries, passing salmon make their way to the upper reaches of the taiga rivers to spawn. Significant biological resources are concentrated in the coastal waters of the Sea of Japan and particularly of the Sea of Okhotsk. The largest runs of Pacific herring in the Far East of Russia inhabit the Northern area of the Sea of Okhotsk. Saffron cod, shothole halibut and other fish species, shellfish, seaweed, as well as other sea animals are also a valuable market. There are more than 120,000 rivers in Khabarovsky Krai with the total flow of fresh water equaling 4.5 billion cubic meters per year. The total length of the river system is 541 thousand km, the majority of that belonging to the stream system of the Amur, one of the longest rivers in Russia. Its total length is 4,440 km including 1,000 km within Khabarovsky Krai. It carries through the Krai enormous masses of water, discharging annually an average of 346 cubic km to the Sea of Okhotsk below Nikolaevsk-na-Amur. The biggest tributaries of the Amur within Khabarovsky Krai are Amgun, Anyuy, Tunguska, Bureya and Ussuri. The vast land in the North of the Krai belongs to the Lena river basin (including the river Maya). The Krai also has 55 thousand lakes, both large and small. The biggest ones are located within the Amur river basin: Chukchagirskoye, Bolon, Udyl and Orel. They occupy an area of 300-370 square km. Power potential of the rivers is great, but their usage is limited in many cases since many of the rivers are reserved for salmon spawning. There are both black and brown coal deposits found within Khabarovsky Krai, with the commercial reserves of coal exceeding 1 billion tons, and estimated resources of coking coals equaling 4 billion tons. Brown coal is found in the spacious Mid-Amur Basin with estimated resources being about 7 billion tons. Many of the mineral resources in the Khabarovsky Krai are still being discovered. The Adnikanskoye deposit of carbonaceous raw materials was exposed within the Verkhnebureinskaya depression. The Ayanskaya, Yuzhno-Kukhtuiskaya and Okhotskaya depressions as well as the Northern-Sakhalin flexure of the Okhotski seaside shelf are perceived to hold mineral resources as well. A preliminary estimate of the oil and gas resources in the Krai is around 500 million tons. Khabarovsky Krai is one of the largest suppliers of stanniferous raw materials, including 7 large tin orebearing localities. Tin ore mining and dressing is done in the territory of the, Komsomolski district. The Komsomolski ore district is a major location of complex ores, containing an industrial concentration of tin, copper, silver, tungsten, bismuth and indium. Prospects of titanium-phosphorite complex ores were defined by prospecting and estimating works. Alunite ores in the lower Priamurye can serve as raw materials for the aluminum industry. Alumina, as well as potassic fertilizers, sulfuric acid and coagulant are made of alunite ores. The ore reserves are practically unlimited. Beryllium is found in the Bureinski and the Ingiliyski massifs. Large reserves of zirconium have been found in the Ayano-Maiski District, and there are significant signs of phosphorites in the Udsko-Shantarski ore region as well, their total reserves being estimated at the level of 90 million tons of phosphorus pentoxide. Large reserves of apatite ores are concentrated in the Dzhugdzhurski and the Baladekski massifs. Titanium, vanadium, iron and feldspar can be extracted as auxiliary products as well. Forecast reserves of complex ores in the region are approximately 100-130 billion tons. Iron ores are concentrated in two districts: Dzhugdzhurski (resources are estimated as 6.6 billion tons) and Udsko-Selemdzinski (1.6 billion tons). Manganese ores are common in the Udsko-Shantarski region. Forecast resources estimate 30 million tons. Chromite ores are also found in the rocks of the Konderskoye Platinum Deposit. Gold is also quite common within the area of Khabarovsky Krai. It is extracted, primarily by placers. Estimated reserves of vein gold in the Krai are 5-6 times the prospected reserves. Complex gold-silver, polymetallic and other ores contain silver. In addition to the resources mentioned above, there are zeolites, caolin raw materials, cement raw materials, basalts and others. There are also large reserves of mineral and construction-based raw materials, as well as gemstones: agates, chalcedonies, some other stones for making handicrafts, and facing stones. Significant reserves of peat and sapropel are found in swamps and lakes, and a number of thermal and mineral water springs have been explored and are being utilized. The priority directions of the development of Khabarovsky Krai's mineral and raw resources base are the survey and prospecting of the precious metal placers, deposits of tin, copper, coal, rare and rare-earth metals, and exploration of gas and oil fields in the continental shelf. Raw material deposits and bowels of the earth are provided for the usage by way of competitions and international bids (tenders). Krai Administrative Bodies and Local Self-Administration Khabarovsky Krai includes 17 districts and 7 towns. The cities of and Komsomolsk-na-Amur administratively are not within any of the districts and are the cities of the Krai subordination. Executive power in the Krai is executed by the Krai Administration. The Krai Administration consists of the Head of the Krai Administration (the Governor), Deputy Heads of the Krai Administration, Boards, Departments, Committees, etc. The Head of the Krai Administration (the Governor) is elected by the Krai's population. At present time, for the reform period, the Head of the Krai Administration was appointed by the President of Russia. The Head of the Krai Administration determines the main directions of the Krai Administration's activities and organizes its work on the basis of, and in order to execute the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Federal Laws, Orders of the President of Russia, Decisions of the Government of Russia and Krai Laws. The Head of the Krai Administration represents the Krai's interests in the Federal Power Bodies and also in relations with other subjects (administrative and territorial units) of the Russian Federation and with foreign states and signs agreements with them. The Legislative (Representative) Power in the Krai is implemented by the Khabarovsky Krai Duma. The Krai Duma is elected by the Krai's population on the basis of a majority system. The Krai Duma implements the legislative regulation on the subjects referred to the jurisdiction of the Krai and, within its authority, on the subjects referred to the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the Krai. The Krai Duma is authorized to address the State Duma of the Russian Federation with legislative initiative. Local self-administration in the cities and towns, settlements and villages is implemented through elected representative bodies of local self-administration (City Dumas, Assembly of Representatives), through Heads of local self-administration. The elected representative bodies of the local self-administration confirm the local budget, decree local taxes and payments, adopt their own Charters and fulfill the control over the activity of the Head of the local self-administration. The Head of the local self-administration controls the municipal economy, works out the local budget and fulfills the executive and ordering functions. The population of Khabarovsky Krai numbers about 1.6 million people, all of which make up 1.1 % of the total population of Russia. The population of the Krai experienced growth for many years until 1992, when the population growth decreased due to a lack of migration and a decrease in birth rate. The urban population makes up 80% of the total Krai population. The cities of Khabarovsk and Komsomolsk-na-Amur rank the second and third largest cities in the For East of Russia (after Vladivostok). The density of the population in the Krai is 2.0 per square kilometer, about 4.4 times less than the average population density in the Russian Federation. The Russians maintain a majority in the national structure of the Krai population (86.4%). The Ukrainians make up 6.1 %; small nationalities of the North, 1.4%; the Belorussians, 1.1 %; the Tatars, 1 %. Among the indigenous peoples of the North, the Nanaitsy amount to 10.5 thousand; Evenki, 3.7 thousand; Ulchi, 2.7 thousand; Nivkhi, 2.4 thousand; Eveny, 1.9 thousand. Able-bodied population makes up 61%, while 14% of the population are 60 years of age and over. The average age of the people living in Khabarovsky Krai is 31.2 years. Khabarovsky Krai is the most industrialized territory of the Far East of Russia. Khabarovsky Krai produces 30% of the total industrial products in the Far Eastern Economic Region. The Krai also produces the highest volume within the region as well, exceeding all other administrative territorial formations in total weight of manufacturing branches. The overall production of the Krai industry is close to the average one throughout all Russia. The main producer of electric and heat energy in the Krai is the joint-stock company, "Khabarovskenergo," which was established on the base of the regional energy department "Khabarovsk-energo" in May of 1993. "Khabarovsk-energo" owns and operates heat electric generating stations (HEGS), electricity distribution networks up to 220 kw, trunk heat runs of industrial centers, and other installations. "Khabarovskenergo" is also comprised of electric plants throughout the Jewish Autonomous Region. Power lines and transformer substations of 500 kw voltage in the Krai have been transferred to the ownership of Russian joint-stock company "EES Rossii" (RAO "EES Rossii") since 1993. Power stations in the southern cities of the Krai are connected to the power network of the United Power System "Vostok-energo" and operate within the electric power market of the Far East zone. Only the Nikolaevsk heat and electric generation plant operates in an isolated mode. Brown cools are the main fuel for the power stations. Mazut and natural gas derived from the Sakhalin deposits are used for the production of heat and electric power as well. The oil processing industry of the Far Eastern Economic Region is concentrated in the Krai and is represented by the "Khabarovsk Oil Refinery" and "Komsomolsk Oil Refinery" joint-stock companies. About 20% of the oil comes from the Sakhalinsk oil fields by way of the "Okha - Komsomolsk-na-Amur" oil pipe line, while 80% is delivered by railroad from Siberia. 1.4 million tons of coal per year are produced at the Urgal black coal deposit, while almost 70% of the coal output is supplied outside the Krai. By the year 2000, an increase of production within the currently operating mines is planned, as well as putting into operation an open coal mining facility capable of producing 1.3 million tons. In perspective, an establishment of a mixed-capital structure in the Fuel and Energy Complex of the Krai engaged in the prospecting and production of oil, gas and coal mining is possible. Today, a joint-stock company, with the attraction of foreign capital, is engaged in the prospecting and mining of brown coal from the Liansky and Khurmulinsky deposits, and the tests for the industrial utilization of the brown coal of the Marekansky deposit, in the Okhotsk District, have been launched. Due to a considerable rise in the price of fuel and transportation tariffs, the research for the utilization of renewable sources of power in the northern districts of the Krai has been intensified at the present time. The major branch of the economy of the Krai is heavy industry. The most developed branches of heavy industry are machine construction, ferrous metallurgy and the branches involved in the acquiring and processing of the major natural resources of the Krai including timber, pulp and paper, oil processing and nonferrous metallurgy and chemical processing. Khabarovsk produces the entire volume rolled stock and oil refining in the Far Eastern economic region, as well as a considerable part of the entire volume of timber logging, machine construction and pulp and paper products. With a variety of products, the industries of the Krai are distinguished by their production not only in the Far East of Russia, but in the Russian Federation as well. This excellence in industry can be attributed to the active process of the transformation of property within the economy of the Krai. The majority of state-owned businesses have been privatized, and the formation of a multi-structural economy and the development of small and medium businesses are under way. This, coupled with a structural outline of the development of economic potential, contributes to the industrial success of the Krai. Machine construction enterprises in the Krai include the manufacturing of ocean and river vessels, aircraft, diesel engines and diesel generators, metal cutting tools, power engineering and casting machines, cable products, storage batteries, processing equipment for the fish industry and consumer goods. The machine construction industry consists primarily of a highly developedmilitary-industrial complex comprised of large scale aircraft and ship building enterprises. New tasks now facing the machine construction industry of the Krai are namely those of its reorientation to satisfy the needs of the local economy and the people living there. The tasks are as follows: manufacturing of machines and equipment for forest, mining and fishing industries and for the processing branches of the agro-industrial complex; conversion of military-oriented enterprises; manufacturing of machinery modified to suit northern conditions; advanced introduction of scientific and technological progress, the pursuit of labor and power saving strategies; The only metallurgical works in the Far East is "Amurstal Works" (Komsomolsk-na-Amur), with the annual capacity of 2 million tons of rolled stock, with the main product being steel sheets (60%). At the same time, the kinds and types of metal products not produced in the Krai are imported from the other areas of the country. The primary material processed at the "Amurstal Works" is scrap metal, which is supplied by the Far-Eastern enterprises. Other kinds of raw materials for steel making are supplied from Siberia and the Urals. Khabarovsky Krai satisfies a significant part of Russia's demand for tin. The tin mining industry is represented by a large enterprise, the Solnechny Integrated Mining and Dressing Works (IMDNM, which produces tin, zinc, copper, lead and tungsten concentrates.) The ores utilized are complex, containing up to 20 components. The Krai is one of the oldest areas of placer gold mining in the country. Placers have been developed for over 100 years, with development work primarily done by gold-digging teams. At present, the share of state-owned enterprises engaged in gold mining is one fourth of the total number. Since 1991 the development of the Mnogovershinny mine in the vicinity of Nikolaevsk-na-Amur has begun. Further development of gold mining is associated with expanding the stock of raw materials, enhancing the prospecting of the placer reserves and increasing gold mining output at primary deposits. The enterprises of the chemical industry are primarily located in the cities at Khabarovsk and Komsomolsk-na-Amur, with hydrolysis and biochemical plants located in the Khor settlement. Today, the branch is mainly oriented towards imported raw materials which are supplied both from the Far Eastern regions and from European regions of Russia and other countries of the CIS. The enterprises of the chemical industry have considerable capacities for the production of microbiological fodder protein (50 thousand tons), sulfuric acid (100 thousand tons), boric acids (12 thousand tons), synthetic detergents (35 thousand tons), oxygen, argon, furfural and medicines. The products produced by the branch are primarily consumed within the Far-Eastern region. Medicines, boric acid and boron-containing products are supplied to the majority of the economic regions of Russia and are exported as well. A large subdivision of the branch is the chemipharmaceutical industry. At present, it specializes in the processing of semi-finished products supplied from the other regions of the country and in production of 150 kinds of medicinal preparations. The chemipharmaceutical industry has a unique potential for development due to the utilization of local raw materials. The most valuable and well-utilized ones are ginseng, eleutherococcus, aralia, Echinopanax elatum, deer antlers and musk gland products. Preparations made using the Far Eastern medicinal resources enjoy a deserved popularity in Russia and abroad. The timber industry is represented by numerous enterprises located in the southern and central areas of the Krai, near the highways and the seacoast. Among the largest wood processing enterprises are the Association Amurskbumprom, Amursk Integrated Timber and Lumber Works, Khabarovsk Furniture Producing Association "Khabarovsk-mebel," Litovko Plywood Factory, Mukhen and Tungusski Integrated Wood Processing Plants, Khor Integrated Woodworking Factory and the Koppinski Integrated Timber Works. The timber industry has a considerable potential for the production of lumber, furniture, cardboard and cellulose. The prospective direction in the timber industry is the organization of modern timber milling production and the manufacturing of products out of coniferous and deciduous timber of low quality. Industry development is oriented to increase the export of timber, lumber, semi-finished and finished products to the countries of the Pacific Basin. The timber industry possesses a potential for the development of joint businesses and cooperation with foreign companies. With the purpose of the structural improvement of production and management, two large holding companies were established within the industry - the joint-stock companies "Dallesprom" and "Daldrev" which unite the majority of timber and wood processing enterprises. Light industry in the Krai is represented by clothes, footwear and knitted goods enterprises as well as a leather haberdashery factory. Its share in the total output of consumer goods is 30%. The range of the goods produced comprises of clothing (overcoats, suits, shirts, dresses, coats, raincoats, etc.), knitted goods (knitted outer clothing and underwear, sportswear and hosiery), footwear (made of leather, textile and felt) and haberdashery (gloves, bogs, knap sacks). The light industry enterprises are concentrated in the cities of Khabarovsk, Komsomolsk-na-Amur and Bikin. The Food Industry of the Khabarovsky Krai represented by a group of over 60 different enterprises of meat and dairy, flour processing, butter, confectionery, winery, baking and other industries , which make up 40% of food stuffs turnover. On the average, the enterprises of the food industry manufacture annually 12 thousand tons of vegetable oil, 20 thousand tons of margarine products, 25 thousand tons of confectionery products, 1,300 thousand tons of whole milk products 2 million dekaliters of soft drinks and 1.8 million dekaliters of alcoholic beverages. At the same time, the Territory is experiencing a decline in the capability to process canned vegetables and baby food. Development of the food industry relies substantially upon exported food stuffs, which is a strong limiting factor in food production. Flour grinding, cereal, baking, butter, confectionery, wine making and pasta producing sub-industries that rely on materials exported entirely from outside the Krai are dependent thereupon to a considerable extent. The process of authorization and privatization of enterprises is growing - 80% of all Food Industry enterprises have become joint-stock companies. Fish harvesting and processing in the Krai are done by catching and processing enterprises and by 27 collective fishing farms, the largest of which is a joint-stock company, "Sea Resources," accounting for 30-40% of the total fish catch. The fishing, transport and tug fleet consist of more than 80 vessels, including large refrigerated trawlers that also produce fish products. Alaskan pollock, cod, flatfish, herring, saury, salmon, laminaria, crab, shrimp, squid and others are caught in Khabarovsky Krai. Coastal fish processing enterprises are located in Okhotski, Nikolaevski and Ulchski Districts, and also in Khabarovsk and Komsomolsk-na-Amur. Fish harvesting is done in the fishery water areas. The prospects of the fish industry development are associated with the renovation of the catching fleet, expanding the repairing and fish processing capacities, as well as restructuring the production output in accordance with market demands by the development and reequipping of the coastal fish processing base. In solving the problem of decreasing fish reserves, the most efficient direction seems to be the artificial reproduction of valuable fish species, and also the creation of favorable conditions for the reproduction of river fish in inner reservoirs. A lot of companies from the Asian-Pacific Region show a great interest to cooperate in the field of the fishing industry. A number of joint ventures have already been set up and successfully operate within the Krai. Agricultural production is developed in complicated climatic conditions and in a shortage of arable lands. There is only an average of 0.08 hectares of arable lands per capita in the Krai, which is almost 10 times less than the average in Russia. The plowing of virgin and fallow lands requires a great amount of labor and material. Agriculture accounts for less than 10% of the territorial economy. Agricultural production is practiced throughout the Territory, with the majority of production in the southern districts. The largest agricultural manufactures in the fields of plant growth and cattle breeding products are the Lazo District and the Khabarovsk District. Cattle and pigs are bred throughout the Krai, with reindeer being bred primarily in the north. In the vicinity of Khabarovsk and Komsomolsk-na-Amur, large industrialized agricultural complexes, poultry factories, large pig forms, dairy a factories and hot rouse market gardens are located. There are 30 state forms, 8 joint-stock companies, 30 limited partnerships, 2 associations of peasant farms, 7 national enterprises and tribal communities and over 1600 individual farms. State forms, joint-stock companies, partnerships and associations account for 53% of the gross agricultural output. The main grain crops cultivated in the Krai are cereals, soy beans, potatoes and vegetables. With that, the major portion of potatoes (84%) and vegetables (60%) is produced by the small individual holdings. The Khabarovsky Krai produces 40% of its vegetables and watermelons, 75% of its potatoes and 4% of its baked goods within the territory. The livestock farming, as well as plant forming in the territory do not satisfy the needs of the population - about 50% of meat products and 75% of milk products consumed are imported. The acuteness of the food problem is associated not only with the shortage of foodstuffs, but also with the need to seriously improve the structure of nutrition. The task set for the future is to satisfy the demand for potatoes, vegetables, whole milk and eggs at the expense of their own production. However, the necessity remains to import due to the lack of fresh and canned fruit, meat products and baby foods. An increase of agricultural output is expected due to the development of new economic relations in the countryside, the reforming of the agro-industrial enterprises, and the establishment of farms and cooperatives. Trade and Services Today, trade and services are the most dynamic branches of the Krai economy. New enterprises comprising various forms of ownership are being set up. The number of private and mixed companies specialize in the sales of products produced by the industrial and agricultural enterprises, as well as by the leading companies from Japan, the Republic of Korea and the USA, and it continues to expand with support from other foreign countries. There are approximately 3.6 thousand enterprises in the Krai which provide trade services for its population. The availability of products is supplied through a retail network of trade and public service enterprises, provided with the facilities capable of supplying the entire Krai population with the full range of consumer goods. Having undergone fundamental changes, the service sector has been transformed into an extensive network of independent small and medium enterprises of various forms of ownership with the dominating nonstate-owned enterprises. More than 5 thousand enterprises and organizations, with 3.5 thousand private entrepreneurs, provide a large range of services for the population of the Krai, including consumer services, housing facilities and public utilities, public transportation, communication, preschool establishments, education, public health services, cultural museums, tourism, sports facilities, legal services, savings banks and other public services. The services sphere network includes 800 specialized enterprises (including dressmaking and tailoring establishments, workshops, barber shops, photographer's studios, employment centers, baths and laundries), about 800 kindergartens, over 400 clubs, hundreds of recreational summer camps for children, over 1,000 health care establishments and more than 1,600 sports facilities. Specialized, comprehensive preschool, high school and college institutions have been established and now operate within the Krai. More than 50 hotels are serving the tourists and guests of the Krai. The finest hotels, such as "Sapporo," "Intourist," "Lyudmila," "Amethyst-Service," "Tourist," "Parus" and "Centralnaya" are located in the center of Khabarovsk. Specialized technological trade centers offer the population maintenance services on household equipment, including foreign items. Tourism, hotel businesses and legal services are developing rapidly. Today, the trade and services sphere is characterized by an active development of cooperation with foreign companies; joint ventures are being set up, joint shops selling foreign made consumer goods are being opened and representative offices of different trading companies are being established.
Addresses and Telephones
Administration of the Khabarovsky Krai International Protocol Service
Address: 56 Muravjov-Amursky St.,
Administration of the Khabarovsky Krai
Administration of the Khabarovsky Krai Economic Committee
Administration of the Khabarovsky Krai Justice Department
Administration of the Khabarovsky Krai Natural Resources Department
Representation of the Ministry Of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation
Khabarovsk Branch of the Ministry Of Foreign
Property Fund of the Khabarovsky Krai
State Property Management Committee of the Khabarovsky Krai
The Far Eastern Chamber Of Commerce And Industry
The Khabarovsky Krai Board On The State Inspection For The Quality Of Export Goods And The Protection Of Consumers' Rights
Khabarovsk Customs
Priamurski Regional Center Of Federal Service Of Rf On Currency And Export Control
Emigration Service of the Khabarovsky Krai
Visa And Registry Department of the Khabarovsky Krai
Khabarovsk Branch of the Bank For Foreign Trade Of RF
International Department of The Railway Station Khabarovsk-1
International Sector of the Khabarovsk Airport
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